Marge is truly enjoying delving into your questions on
Facebook each Monday night at 8:00 PM CDT for Mondays with Marge.
Stacy brought up an important subject, Essential Oil Chemistry,
which gave Marge the opportunity to introduce the wonderful world of Functional
Groups to our friends and Aromatherapy enthusiasts.
Stacy: You
sometimes hear the analogy, "I don't understand how my car works, but I
can still drive." Along those lines . . . does a home user of essential
oils need to know much chemistry of essential oils? (Given, of course, that we
get our advice from trusted sources such as you!) What would you, ideally, like
for your home users to read or understand about chemistry?
Marge:
Stacy, the advantage of learning at least a little bit about chemistry is that
you can make
wiser choices among oils, and in blending. Now, truth time, for
years I ran the other way from any mention of EO chemistry. I couldn't wrap my
brain around it, and didn't WANT to wrap my brain around it. And, instead of
learning chemistry, I learned this oil does that, and that oil will do that...that
that oil over there does THAT... and I am very good at keeping track of that, and can carry most of it around in
my head. So, who needed chemistry? And if anyone asked WHY this oil does that?
"Magic!"
Now, there is one "easier" way to learn chemistry... and that is
called Functional Groups. It provides a format for classifying,
"grouping" oils based on their chemical components. (Once upon a
time, 20 years ago or so, I had a mentor who did not subscribe to the idea of
Functional Groups, so neither did I.)
For
a lot of years, I was able to avoid dealing with functional groups, and with
chemistry. I knew which oils were dangerous on the skin, which were
sensitizers, which were anti-inflammatory, which were relaxing, etc. And THEN I
was accepted into Jane Buckle's CCAP course, with Kathleen Duffy, even though I
am not a health care practitioner. And, (drumroll, or gasp, take your pick), Kathy
taught functional groups. Oh. Well, now, I have all the respect for Jane and
Kathy in the world, and if THEY are teaching this... sigh. So, I had to let go
of my firmly held opinion, and start to learn about Functional Groups. And then
I took Mark Webb's Advanced Aromatic Medicine course, and HE taught functional
groups. Slightly different terminology. What Jane and Kathy teach as alcohols,
Mark teaches as terpinols (i.e. monoterpenols, etc.). Jane and Kathy teach "sesquiterpine
alcohols." But they all three refer to Geraniol, and citronelol and well, anyway.
"Functional group" chemistry isn't perfect, because there are some
components that don't seem to fit inside the category. For example: SOME
Ketones are dangerous, toxic. Thujone, Pulegone, for example. But, the Italidiones
that make Corsican Helichrysum such a powerful scar healer are types of Ketones.
So the categories and their descriptions don't always fit. But there are some
that are amazingly useful.
For example: Esters. Esters are EO components ending in "ate" such as
linalyl acetate in Lavender, etc. Roman Chamomile is the highest in esters of
any commercially produced essential oil. It is the ESTER content that makes
roman chamomile so relaxing. Most esters are very 'benign' and relaxing. There
is one exception to that category though. Methyl salicylate is considered an
ester. It is the major component in Wintergreen and Sweet Birch. This has all
sorts of warnings. So you learn that MOST esters are relaxing and possibly
antispasmodic, and you red flag the one major exception.
Then you
look at what Mark calls the "monoterpenols" and Jane calls “monoterpene
alcohols.” One of the functions of that group is germ killing. They are known
to be "anti-infectious" and stimulating. and they tend to end in the
letters, “ol.” Linalool (or Linalol, depending on which book you read.) Now,
why does this matter?
You are shopping for Lavender. You want the Lavender for skincare; you've been
told it will be helpful for acne. Do you want a Lavender that is high in
linalyl acetate, the ester, for relaxation? or do you want the Lavender that is
higher in Linalool to perhaps kill some of the bacteria that can be causing
acne? THIS is why knowing at least some essential oil chemistry is helpful. It
can help you make wiser choices in shopping, and in blending.
We recommend our CO2 extracted Frankincense oils for
meditation, and as anti-depressants, because of their content of Incensole
Acetate... an ester... "ate" that does not come across in the process
of steam distillation, so only occurs in the CO2 extraction.
This is the sort of decision that knowing at least the outlines of Functional
Group theory can help you make.
Now... we should go a step further. Each component, each grouping, is composed
of elements. And there are drawings that will show you what a molecule of an
alcohol, or an ester looks like. I still have a really hard time wrapping my
head around those. I struggle with them. Do you need to know it? I don't know.
I am often asked to recommend a good Essential Oil Chemistry book which I
rarely do. First a caveat. At all costs, avoid David Stewart’s book
which is filled with disinformation. Having
said that, in Essential Learning files there are book reviews and I am
comfortable suggesting these three: Essential Chemistry for Aromatherapy by Sue
Clarke recommended by Mark Webb as a good Chemistry book and Sandy Barrett says
it is very people friendly. The Chemistry of Aromatherapeutic Oils by E. Joy
Bowles recommended by Mark Webb as an intro into Chemistry. The Chemistry of
Essential Oils: An Introduction for Aromatherapists, Beauticians, Retailers
& Students Hardcover – October, 1996 by David G. Williams Excellent
Chemistry manual recommended by Mark Webb and Marge Clark. From Mark Webb:
"brilliant text, well written & appropriate language & information
for the target market."
Marge: Sandy Barrett, a nurse
and fellow student in Mark Webb’s aromatic medicine class also shared her
thoughts. Sandy says, “Forget the stick drawings, they'll drive you batty, and
you aren't planning to be a chemist. The functional groups - you need to know
what they are and their purpose. As a home user, you don't have to have every
constituent memorized - google is a wonderful thing. So if you are looking at a
gc and reading constituents, you can google and learn the functional group it
belongs to, and thus, what to expect of it. Now, obviously 60% is going to give
you more bang than, say, 2%, so there's that to consider.”
(Marge: I have a mental image of my
Aussie mentor ringing my neck for this, but even he said numerous times, "people, you aren't chemists, don't
get hung up on the chemistry. Your job is to know what the oils can do.")
Stacy:
Wow, thank you Marge and Sandy! I'm anxious to give your answers some time and
thought. So generous of you to share!